The major components of a computer system are generally divided into hardware and software components. These can be explained as follows:
- Hardware Hardware is the physical components that make up the body of the computer. Main Unit: CPU (CPU – Central Processing Unit): It is the brain of the computer. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU): Performs math and logic functions. Control Unit: Coordinates between various units. Registers: Used to store data temporarily. Memory: Primary Memory: RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary storage. ROM (Read Only Memory): Permanent Storage. Secondary Memory: Hard Drive, SSD, Pen Drive. Motherboard: It connects all the components. Power Supply Unit: Power supply. Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner. Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speaker. Storage Devices: flash drive, memory card, internal and external drive.
- Software Software is the programs needed to control and operate the hardware. Operating System: Windows, Linux, macOS. Application Software: MS Office, Browsers. System Software: Utilities, Drivers. Database Software: Oracle, MySQL.
- Networking Components Modem: For internet connection. Router: Data distribution. Network Adapter: Connection management.
Missionary Units (Peripheral Devices): For personal use: webcam, JVB DVD drive. Bulk use: Server, data center equipment.
Communication Devices: LAN cable, WiFi dongle, Bluetooth devices.